Alexander Neumüller, a researcher at the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance (CCAF), stated that "Ethereum nodes are concentrated in Hetzner, AWS, and OVH, and 31% of all node activity occurs in the United States." According to Wu Blockchain, he explained, "If more than one-third of validators go offline simultaneously, checkpoints may not be finalized." Previously, in 2022, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) claimed that the U.S. could exercise jurisdiction over Ethereum, citing that a significant number of Ethereum nodes are located in the U.S.
